Cellulose nanocrystals as green fillers to improve crystallization and hydrophilic property of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)

The green nanocomposites of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hyd roxyvalerate) (PHBV) with various cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) contents were prepared by solution casting method. Th e effects of CNCs on the crystallization behavior, spherulitic morphology, crystal structure and hydrophilic property of PHBV were studied by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), polarized optical microscope (POM), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and static water contact angle measurement. It is found that the CNCs act as an effective nucleation agent for crystallization of PHBV, inducing an increase in the melt crystallization tempera ture of the nanocomposites. A study of the non-isothermal crystallizatio n kinetics further illustrated that overall crystallization rate of PHBV in the nanocomposites was faster than that of neat PHBV, but exhibited a decrease in the crystallinity and the spherulite size of PHBV. Furthermore, the contact angle decreased from 60.1° for neat PHBV to 32.5° for the nanocomposites with 10% CNCs (mass fraction).     

膜生物反应器处理生活污水的研究

研究了膜生物反应器处理生活污水的运行效果、膜污染特征及控制．结果表明：膜生物反应器处理生活污水,COD的去除率达到85％以上,出水COD质量浓度控制在34mg／L,NH4-N的去除率能达到92％,出水NH4-N质量浓度在5mg／L,出水TN平均去除率可迭86％,出水TN质量浓度为8mg／L;污泥浓度随处理时间延长而逐渐增加,污泥负荷运渐降低．运行初期过膜压力（TMP）的上升较慢,而运行一段时间后,TMP快速上升．对污染后的膜组件进行清洗,结果表明：通过清水清洗和HCl清洗后,膜的过膜压力没有明显缓解,采用NaOH和NaClO联合清洗后,膜的过膜压力迅速下降。说明膜污染以有机污染为主．对TMP进行计算,有机污染在膜污染中贡献为65％,对膜表面无机元素的分析结果也表明,无机污染不是膜污染的主要原因．     

The effect of nanohybrid materials on the pour-point and viscosity depressing of waxy crude oil

The pipeline transportation of waxy crude oil is a problem both at home and abroad.In this paper,a novel nanohybrid pour-point depressant (PPD) was used to decrease the pour point and viscosity of waxy crude oil.The pour point and apparent viscosity of waxy crude oil was decreased significantly upon addition of the nanohybrid PPD,and the long-term stability of the nanohybrid PPD was superior to that of a conventional ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer PPD.Polarized optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to study the effect of the nanohybrid PPD on the crystallization of crude oil.Addition of the nanohybrid PPD reduced the amount of wax crystals,prevented their aggregation,and reduced the temperature at which the crude oil started to crystallize.The significant effect of this nanohybrid PPD on the pour point and viscosity depressing of crude oil is of great importance for facilitating the safe,efficient and energy-minimized transportation of waxy crude oil.     

Evaluation of humic acid removal by a flat submerged membrane photoreactor

A flat submerged membrane combined with a TiO 2 /UV photocatalytic reactor (FSMPR) was employed in batch mode to remove humic acid (HA). HA removal efficiency was characterized by UV 254 absorbance, UV-vis spectra, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration, specific UV absorbance (SUVA), and trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP). The FSMPR process was effective in removing more than 86% of DOC and nearly 100% of UV 254 absorbance, while the THMFPs of samples were reduced to < 19 μ g/L after 150 min of treatment. In addition, changes in transmembrane pressure (TMP) with and without UV were evaluated; TiO 2 /UV was effective at controlling membrane fouling by HA. Analysis of the molecular weight (MW) distributions and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectra of HAs revealed that the effectiveness in membrane fouling control is a result of changes in HA molecular characteristics. The TiO 2 /UV photocatalytic reactor caused the degradation of high MW, hydrophobic humic-like molecules to low MW, hydrophilic protein-like molecules, although this fraction was not completely removed during 150 min of treatment and was less responsible for membrane fouling.     

介质对磷酸铁结晶影响研究

磷酸铁的结晶与反应体系的酸度、温度及过饱和度相关.本文研究了不同介质中生成的磷酸铁结晶产物性能,探讨了磷酸铁纯度与反应体系相互影响关系,并制备出热稳定性好、磷铁元素摩尔比接近1的电子级磷酸铁.     

焙烧高岭土微球特性的研究

我国的高岭土以其成因类型齐全、储量丰富、质量优良而闻名于世。高岭土广泛应用于石油化工、造纸、功能填料、耐火材料等方面。高岭土可用作载体担载催化剂,也可用作合成沸石分子筛的原料,因此是一种潜在的理想原位晶化载体。用高岭土原位晶化技术得到的沸石分子筛具有较高的水热稳定性,解决在工业生产中的过滤问题,同时降低生产成本。本论文首先系统地研究了高岭土微球在高温焙烧过程中的性质变化,为在高岭土微球上原位生长NaY沸石分子筛的研究打下了良好的基础。     

无机功能晶体材料的结晶过程研究

功能晶体材料作为光、声、电等转换的重要介质,已经被广泛应用于能源、信息、航空航天等高新技术领域,是目前国际材料科学与工程学科发展的热点和前沿课题.结晶过程是制备功能材料的核心环节,结晶习性直接影响材料的光、电、磁、催化等功能特性.在无机材料的结晶过程中,晶体组成在微观上经历了从自由态离子到结晶态固体的相变过程.可以借助晶体组成离子的电负性及基团微观对称性的变化,研究结晶过程中聚集体的形成和结构演变规律.利用分子振动光谱能够从分子尺度上揭示非线性光学晶体材料在水溶液结晶过程中结晶学结构的形成过程,克服了传统原位观测手段中缺乏对非长程有序结构的确定.利用结晶生长的化学键合理论从热力学和动力学两个方面指导大块晶体的生长实践,合理调控晶体的生长表/界面热力学和动力学.将结晶生长的化学键合理论应用到大尺寸晶体提拉生长参数的设计和优化,成功搭建了大尺寸晶体智能生长系统,并成功生长了φ2″蓝宝石晶体、φ3″YAG晶体和φ4″铌酸锂晶体.     

玻璃组成对CaO-Al2O3-SiO2系玻璃烧结、晶化和性能的影响

采用烧结法制备以钙长石为主晶相的微晶玻璃.采用差热分析(DTA)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和性能测试研究玻璃组成对玻璃的烧结、晶化特性和性能的影响.结果表明:随着CaO含量的增加,玻璃转变温度和析晶放热峰温度逐渐降低,而且析晶放热峰变得尖锐;增加氧化钙降低玻璃的析晶活化能,有利于玻璃的析晶;随着SiO2量的增加,玻璃转变温度和析晶放热峰温度移向高温,使玻璃的析晶困难;玻璃样品的烧结温度随CaO含量的增加而降低, 但过多的CaO促进硅酸钙的析出,增加样品的介电常数和热膨胀系数;增加SiO2能够降低微晶玻璃样品的热膨胀系数,改善其介电性能;所制备的微晶玻璃具有相对密度高(≥98.3%),介电常数适中(6.9～7.5),介电损耗低(≤0.1%),热膨胀系数低(3.8×10-6～4.5×10-6 /℃),烧结温度(900～1 000 ℃)低,及介电常数温度稳定性低(66×10-6～113×10-6 /℃).     

延长反渗透膜使用周期的研究

通过作者多年实践摸索,从保养、操作、维护等几方面提出了影响反渗透膜使用周期的因素,并进行了系统分析,提出了针对性的解决办法。     

EIAV强毒株和疫苗株gp45的纯化及结晶比较

EIAV (equine infectious anemia virus)疫苗是世界唯一成功的慢病毒疫苗.通过对强毒株和疫苗株EIAV相关蛋白结构的比较研究,可以促进对其致弱过程及免疫机制的了解.gp45 (glycoprotein 45)是EIAV介导与宿主膜融合过程的关键蛋白.以EIAV强毒株LN40和疫苗株FDD...